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206 lines
5.4 KiB
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206 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
# OSHA Personal Protective Equipment - 29 CFR 1926.95
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## General Requirements
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### Employer Responsibilities:
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- Provide necessary PPE at no cost to employees
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- Ensure PPE is properly fitted and maintained
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- Train employees on proper use and limitations
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- Replace worn or damaged equipment
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## Head Protection
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### Hard Hat Requirements:
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- **Class A**: General service, limited voltage protection
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- **Class B**: Utility service, high voltage electrical protection
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- **Class C**: Special service, no electrical protection
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### When Required:
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- Areas where falling objects pose hazard
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- Electrical work (Class A or B only)
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- Areas with limited headroom hazards
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### Inspection Points:
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- Shell for cracks, dents, or penetration
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- Suspension system for wear
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- Proper fit and adjustment
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- Expiration dates on materials
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## Eye and Face Protection
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### Safety Glasses Required For:
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- Flying particles or objects
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- Liquid chemicals or metals
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- Harmful light radiation
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- Combination of above hazards
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### Types:
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- **Safety glasses**: Basic impact protection
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- **Goggles**: Chemical splash protection
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- **Face shields**: Full face protection (used with safety glasses)
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- **Welding helmets**: Arc welding protection
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### Standards Compliance:
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- Must meet ANSI Z87.1 standards
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- Marked with manufacturer identification
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- Impact resistance rating clearly visible
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## Respiratory Protection
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### Program Requirements:
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- Written respiratory protection program
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- Medical evaluations for users
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- Fit testing annually
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- Training on use and limitations
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### Types:
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1. **Air-purifying respirators**: Filter contaminants from air
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2. **Supplied-air respirators**: Provide clean air from external source
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3. **Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)**: Independent air supply
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### Selection Factors:
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- Type and concentration of contaminants
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- Oxygen levels in work area
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- Worker activity level
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- Facial hair compatibility
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## Hearing Protection
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### Required When:
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- 8-hour time-weighted average exceeds 85 dB
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- Impact or impulse noise
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- Unable to reduce noise through engineering controls
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### Types:
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- **Earplugs**: Insert into ear canal
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- **Earmuffs**: Cover entire ear
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- **Canal caps**: Seal ear canal entrance
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### Noise Reduction Ratings:
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- Must provide adequate protection for exposure level
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- Consider real-world attenuation factors
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- Account for dual protection when needed
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## Hand Protection
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### Glove Selection Based On:
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- Chemical resistance requirements
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- Cut and puncture hazards
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- Temperature extremes
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- Grip requirements
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- Dexterity needs
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### Common Types:
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- **Leather**: General construction work
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- **Chemical resistant**: Liquid chemical handling
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- **Cut resistant**: Sharp object handling
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- **Electrical**: Electrical work protection
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- **Welding**: Heat and spark protection
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### Inspection Requirements:
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- Check for holes, cracks, or deterioration
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- Ensure proper fit
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- Replace when compromised
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## Foot Protection
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### Safety Footwear Required:
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- Areas with falling object hazards
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- Electrical hazards
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- Puncture hazards
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- Slippery conditions
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### Types:
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- **Steel toe**: Impact and compression protection
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- **Metatarsal guards**: Top-of-foot protection
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- **Puncture resistant**: Sharp object protection
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- **Electrical hazard**: Electrical protection
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- **Chemical resistant**: Chemical exposure
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### Standards:
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- Must meet ASTM standards
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- Proper marking and certification
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- Regular inspection for wear
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## Fall Protection PPE
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### Personal Fall Arrest Systems:
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- **Full body harness**: Distribute forces safely
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- **Connecting devices**: Lanyards, retractables
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- **Anchorage connectors**: Proper attachment points
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### Inspection Requirements:
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- Before each use visual inspection
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- Detailed periodic inspection by competent person
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- Removal from service when defective
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### Common Defects:
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- Cuts, tears, or abrasions on webbing
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- Damaged hardware or buckles
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- Excessive wear on stitching
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- Chemical damage or burns
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## Training Requirements
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### General Training Topics:
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- Hazard assessment procedures
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- PPE selection and use
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- Proper fitting and adjustment
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- Limitations of PPE
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- Care and maintenance
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- Replacement schedules
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### Documentation:
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- Training records maintained
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- Hazard assessments documented
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- PPE inventory and inspections
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- Employee acknowledgment forms
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## High Visibility Safety Apparel
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### Required For:
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- Highway work zones
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- Areas with vehicle traffic
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- Crane and equipment operations
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- Emergency responders
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### Classes:
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- **Class 1**: Minimum visibility for low-risk areas
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- **Class 2**: Enhanced visibility for higher-risk areas
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- **Class 3**: Maximum visibility for highest-risk areas
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### Design Requirements:
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- Background material specifications
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- Retroreflective stripe placement
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- Combined performance requirements
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## Common PPE Violations
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### Top Citations:
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1. Failure to provide required PPE
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2. Inadequate hazard assessment
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3. Poor PPE maintenance
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4. Insufficient employee training
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5. Wrong PPE type for hazard
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### Best Practices:
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- Conduct thorough hazard assessments
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- Provide site-specific PPE training
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- Establish inspection schedules
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- Maintain equipment properly
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- Keep detailed records
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## Special Considerations
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### Multi-Hazard Environments:
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- Consider cumulative protection needs
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- Ensure compatibility between PPE types
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- Address comfort and mobility issues
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- Plan for emergency situations
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### Maintenance Programs:
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- Cleaning procedures
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- Storage requirements
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- Inspection schedules
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- Replacement criteria
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- Record keeping systems |